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Matthew Shiffner
Matthew Shiffner (c. 1690 - December 1756) was a Russian-born merchant, of German Baltic origins. He became a naturalised British citizen in 1711, before exploiting family connections to rise to prominence as a leading merchant in Russia; his links with the Russian Company allowed for him to become a major exporter of Russian goods to Britain in the 1730s. As favour at the imperial court changed from 1740, he moved over to London, where he ran his affairs from offices on Broad Street until his death.
== Early life and origins ==
Estimates place Shiffner's birth and around 1690. Although speculation and rumours by later genealogists made him a son of "an Archbishop of Riga", Shiffner's origins are obscure, though he likely hailed from a Baltic German background.〔Price, "Shiffner, Matthew", ''O.D.N.B.'', 2011〕
He became a naturalised English Citizen in 1711 under the Foreign Protestants Naturalization Act 1708.〔〔Namier, "Shiffner, Henry", ''History of Parliament'', 1964〕 Shortly afterwards, he joined the Russian Company, which had, until 1698, a monopoly on trade between England and Russia and continued to operate successfully for over two centuries afterwards. He returned to Russia and is recorded as a 'Postdirektor' of Riga in 1720; he married into a locally prominent Baltic German family when he took as his wife Hedwig Agnata Bruiningk, daughter of Heintrich Bruiningk, a university-educated pastor and ''Generalsuperintendant'' of the Lutheran Church in Livonia.〔 In 1723 he moved to St Petersburg and traded hemp in partnership with Jacob Wolff and John Edwards;〔 his trading is recorded in the accounts of Samuel Holden and Thomas Wale.〔
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